What is Design Pattern?
Turkish: Tasarım Deseni
A design pattern describes a proven approach to recurring software design problems, independent of a specific language or framework.
What is a Design Pattern?
A design pattern is not a snippet to copy into every project. It is a named way of reasoning about a common design problem, such as creating objects safely, separating responsibilities, or letting parts of a system communicate without tight coupling.
How Is It Used?
Patterns describe the problem, the participating roles, and the trade-offs of a solution. They are most often discussed in object-oriented design, but the underlying ideas can also appear in functional or component-based code.
Common groups include:
- Creational patterns: Factory, Builder, and Singleton organize how objects are created.
- Structural patterns: Adapter, Facade, and Decorator help different classes work together.
- Behavioral patterns: Observer, Strategy, and Command coordinate flow and responsibility.
Business Use
Design patterns help teams keep a shared vocabulary as codebases grow. For example, a commerce platform that may switch payment providers can use a Strategy-style design so each provider-specific rule stays isolated instead of being folded into one large conditional block.
Patterns should still be chosen deliberately. Extra abstraction can make small systems harder to read. SOLID principles and architectural patterns such as MVC help teams decide when a pattern clarifies the design and when it only adds ceremony.
Related Terms
Dependency injection lets a class receive the dependencies it needs from the outside instead of constructing them itself.
Factory PatternThe Factory pattern moves object creation decisions into a producer component so client code stays independent of concrete classes.
MVC (Model-View-Controller)MVC separates application code into Model, View, and Controller layers so data, interface, and request flow responsibilities stay clear.
Observer PatternThe Observer pattern automatically notifies all attached observers when an object's state changes — an event-driven design pattern.
Repository PatternThe Repository pattern hides data source details behind a consistent interface so business code can read and write data without knowing storage details.
Singleton PatternThe Singleton pattern ensures a class has one application-wide instance, centralizing access to shared resources or configuration.
SOLID PrinciplesSOLID is a set of five object-oriented design principles for making classes easier to understand, test, and adapt to change.