What is TTFB (Time to First Byte)?

Turkish: TTFB

TTFB measures the time from sending a browser request to receiving the first response byte, exposing server and network delay.

What is TTFB?

TTFB (Time to First Byte) shows how long it takes a browser to receive the first byte from the server after requesting a page. The duration can include DNS lookup, connection setup, TLS negotiation, server processing, and network distance.

Why Does It Increase?

Common causes of high TTFB include:

  • Slow database queries or missing indexes
  • Heavy server-side rendering
  • Cold starts in serverless functions
  • Origin servers far from users
  • Low cache hit ratio
  • Excessive redirect or proxy chains

How Is It Improved?

Serving static assets through a CDN, using server-side cache, optimizing database queries, rendering at the edge, and removing unnecessary middleware can lower TTFB. The target is not identical for every page; a personalized dashboard and a static article have different response models.

TTFB is not one of the Core Web Vitals, but it is an important diagnostic signal because it can influence user-facing metrics such as LCP.